1. Find the definition of subject, verb, object, modifier !
- Make 5 sentences determine that 4 elements
- Make 5 sentences determine that 4 elements
Subjects
Subjects are always nouns or noun equivalents (pronouns, gerunds, certain infinitives, phrases made from these verbals, and noun clauses). The subject is the person, place, or thing that does or controls the action of the verb. It is the concept that answers the question who? or what? does or is in relation to the verb.
- John eats flies. (Who eats? John does.)
- Homer crawls nicely. (Who crawls? Homer does.)
- Anything goes. (What goes? Anything does.)
- It seems silly. (What seems? It seems.)
- Minerva is tired. (Who is? Minerva is.)
Verbs
The verb is most often defined as the word or words that express action or state of being. The trouble with this definition is that it is so broad that it is difficult to pin down just when a word expresses action" or "being." Verbals seem to express action, and even some nouns seem to convey a sense of action (the race, his answer, my worry, for example). I run.
- I run.
- You waited.
Sometimes, two verbs together describe one action.
- We were jogging
- You are reading.
If you are giving a command, you can even leave out the subject. The following examples are complete sentences. The subject is "you." The subject is implied.
- Stop!
- Run!
Objects
A sentence can have more than one noun. While a subject performs an action, an object is a noun that has action performed on it. The object usually comes after the verb.
The following examples have a subject, then a verb, then an object.
- I ate dinner.
- Dave wrote a letter.
- The trumpet player played jazz.
- They named their daughter Natasha.
- Jo-Bob sold me her boat.
Modifiers
Modifiers are all of those adjective or adverb words, phrases, or clauses that change (modify) the meaning of other words, phrases or clauses. Although they take many forms, there are only two kinds of modifiers-adjective and adverb.
a. Adjective Modifiers:
Adjective modifiers always and only modify nouns or noun equivalents: noun words, pronouns, certain verbals and verbal phrases, and noun clauses. They may be "pure" adjectives (e.g. red, slow, large, good, etc.); they may be verbal adjectives (certain infinitives and all participles); they may be adjective phrases (certain prepositional phrases, some infinitive phrases, and all participial phrases); or they may be adjective clauses.
b. Adverb Modifiers:
Adverb modifiers modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and adjective and adverb phrases and clauses. They may be "pure" adverbs (e.g. slowly, down, well, etc.); they may be verbal adverbs (some infinitives); they may be adverb phrases (some prepositional phrases and some infinitive phrases), or they may be adverb clauses.
- I ate dinner in the dark.
- Dave almost wrote a letter to his mother.
- The fat trumpet player played slow jazz.
- After painting all day, the chair was admired by Mark.
- The fish was greatly enjoyed by the fisherman, which was tasty.
2. Find the theory of subject – verb agreements
- Find the examples
Subject/Verb Agreement
Subject verb agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.
Subject/Verb Agreement Examples
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement (the subject is bolded and the verb underlined):
- My dog always growls at the postal carrier.
- Basketballs roll across the floor.
- I don’t understand the assignment.
- These clothes are too small for me.
- Peter doesn’t like vegetables.
Compound Subjects
Compound subjects (two subjects in the same sentence) usually take a plural verb, unless the combination is treated as singular in popular usage or the two subjects refer to the same thing or person. Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with compound subjects:
- Sugar and flour are needed for the recipe.
- Neither my dad nor my brothers know how to ski.
- Pepperoni and cheese are great on a pizza.
- Corned beef and cabbage is a traditional meal in Ireland. (popular usage)
- The creator and producer is arriving soon. (both refer to same person)
When using “or” or “nor” in a compound subject containing a singular and plural subject, the verb agrees with the closest subject. Examples of compound subjects using or, neither-nor, or either-or include:
- My mom or dad is coming to the play. (singular).
- Neither gray nor white is my favorite color. (singular).
- Either Grandpa or my sisters are going to the park. (closest subject is plural).
- Either my sisters or Grandpa is going to the park. (closest subject is singular).
- Neither she nor I am going to college. (closest subject is singular).
Singular Indefinite Pronouns
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with singular indefinite pronouns:
- Each gets a trophy for playing.
- Somebody will pay for this.
- Anybody is more fun than you.
- Something is very wrong here.
- Everybody enjoys a good book.
- Nothing has been determined as of yet.
Plural Indefinite Prounouns
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with plural indefinite pronouns:
- Both are qualified for the job.
- Many went to the beach and got sunburned.
- Few know what it really takes to get ahead.
- Several are already on location.
- Some sugar is required for taste. (sugar is uncountable so singular verb used).
- Most of the cookies were eaten. (cookies are countable so plural verb used).
Midsentence Phrase or Clause
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with a phrase or clause between the subject and verb:
- A theory of physics ascertains that a body in motion stays in motion.
- A virus in all the company’s computers is a real threat to security.
- The causes of this prevalent disease are bad diet and lack of exercise.
- The couch and chair I got at the store look really nice in here.
- The members of the choir are very happy with the performance.
Collective Nouns
Collective nouns can be singular or plural depending on meaning. Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with collective nouns:
- The committee meets here every Thursday. (singular)
- The crowd is getting angry. (singular)
- The jury has finally reached a decision. (singular)
- The majority rules most of the time. (plural)
- The staff have gone their separate ways for the holidays. (plural)
Inverted Subjects
Here are some examples of subject verb agreement with inverted subjects where the subject follows the verb:
- There are seven clean plates in the dining room.
- There is a hair in my lasagna.
- Over the rainbow flies a bird.
- How are the employees enjoying the new building?
- A good gift is a gift card.
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